Sustainable Development Compliance in International Investment Agreements: Enforceable at Arbitration?

By Carolina Joy As international investment agreements (IIAs) increasingly include references to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), investor-state arbitration further becomes a site of global governance, mediating conflicts between private investment protection and public development objectives. Within this dispute resolution mechanism, the tension between the soft law of the SDGs and the hard…

RWE AG and RWE Eemshaven Holding II BV v. Kingdom of the Netherlands and Themes in Climate Change Arbitration

By Yonah Wasik, Senior Staffer Climate change presents an expanding danger to the environment and human health.  Along with it, international bodies and states alike have progressively strengthened their climate change goals and regulations. While most climate change cases are brought before national courts, businesses have turned to arbitration to resolve environmental disputes, especially for…